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Adjustable rate mortgages (ARM), developed when mortgage interest rates were high, can help you finance the purchase of a home with low interest rates. An ideal choice for those expecting an income raise and decide to move in a couple of years, an ARM also increases your risk for higher payments. Fortunately, lenders also offer safeguards to limit some of your risk to excessively high interest rates.

ARM Features

An ARM starts with a low interest rate, up to 3% lower than a fixed rate mortgage. With lower rates, you usually qualify to borrow more than with a fixed rate home loan.

ARMs start with a fixed rate period and end with fluctuating interest rates as the years go by, increasing or decreasing your monthly payment. So a 3:1 ARM means three years of fixed rates with interest rates changing every year after that. Interest rates are based on an economic index, usually the rate on the T-bill or LIBOR, and the margin the lender adds to the index.

In order to protect borrowers from increasing monthly payments, mortgage lenders put in place safeguards. A point cap limits how much interest rates can rise monthly over the life of the loan. There are also maximum limits on how low rates can go to protect the lender.

Another safeguard is the dollar cap on monthly repayments. If for whatever reason, interest rates rise higher than the dollar cap allows, you may end up with a longer loan. Most financing companies also allow you to convert your ARM to a fixed rate mortgage after a predetermined period.

While an ARM has many benefits. For instance, interest rates can rise 4% or more over the course of your home loan. If you decide to stay in your home for several years, a fixed rate may offer lower interest costs in the longer term. ARMs is not predictable, which makes planning long term financing goals difficult.

Before you apply for an ARM, make sure you are comfortable with the level of risk involve. However, if you expect your income to rise or to move, then you may be saving yourself a lot of money in interest payments with an ARM.

Over the last few years, thousands and thousands of homeowners have financed or refinanced their homes with ARM’s, Adjustable Rate Mortgages.

ARM’s are mortgages that are tied in to lower interest rates in the beginning so that many homeowners can afford their monthly payments. As long as interest rates stay even or go lower, the home owner is fine. The danger comes when interest rates start to rise. Monthly payments can go up hundreds of dollars when the interest rate/payment terms come into effect.

That danger is now. Interest rates have been going up as The Federal Reserve has raised rates for the 15th time in the last two years. And, it doesn’t look like rates are going to stop going higher anytime soon. As these mortgages reset to higher rates and payments, many of these ARM homeowners are going to be in a financial bind. Many may even lose their homes.

According to the Mortgage Bankers Association at the end of 2005, some states such as Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Alabama have as many as 20% of the ARM homeowners behind by thirty days or more. Foreclosure proceedings usually start when a homeowner is ninety days late. Hopefully, these homeowners will get refinanced before it is too late.

If you have an ARM, you should look at your finances to be sure you will remain solvent in these upcoming times. How high can your monthly house payment go? Will you be able to afford it? Talk to a financial adviser and determine if refinancing to a fixed rate is the best way for you to go. I believe locking in a fixed rate is the safest decision you could make at this moment in time.

There are many mortgage companies that will look to provide refinancing options for you. Unfortunately, many of these companies may be much more stringent in regards to your credit worthiness. That is, it may be much harder to borrow that money now than when you initially purchased your first or second mortgage. You will never know unless you try and the clock is ticking.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages: This Home Mortgage Loan May Not Be For The Weak At Heart

I heard the news about another interest rate hike and thought it was about time to look into refinancing my mortgage. I contacted my mortgage company first.

“I am interested in a fixed mortgage rate.” I said.

“May I ask why that is?” The broker asked politely.

“I don’t want to deal with the risk of rising interest rates. At my age, I cannot afford the risk.

“Looking at your last ten years of history, you have done pretty well with the adjustable rate. In fact, you had paid less in interest than most people with a fixed loan. May I suggest that we look at some adjustable rates, which are even less than the rate youre paying and with caps you dont have to worry about the interest rate hikes. I think we can save you a few hundred dollars off your monthly payment.”

At this point the broker took a breather so that I can say, “No thank you. I am only interested in a fixed rate mortgages.” “I don’t understand. Are you not interested in saving money?” He asked before launching into a lecture that had a mix of economy 101, budgeting 1, a dash of fortune telling and a healthy and totally unrealistic optimism of future trend in interest rates.

When he was done I explained to him that I recall the 18%-19% interest on mortgage loans in the early 1980’s that he seemed too young to remember. I pointed out that on a $100,000 loan, the 18% interest is $1,500 per month on the mortgage interest alone. If you have a $200,000 loan the interest alone would be a back-breaking payment of $3,000 per month.

I knew he thought I am out of my mind thinking about an 18% mortgage interest rate in todays environment. At the end we ended the phone conversation without any resolution. The gap in understanding wasnt about fixed rate mortgages vs adjustable rate mortgages (ARM). The gap was in age, experience, expectation, hopes and fears; a gap too wide to bridge.

To understand this gap, lets look at the adjustable rate mortgages. This type of mortgage loan is usually lower than the fixed rate and the lower rate means lower payment that in turn means easier qualification.

When lenders are considering your mortgage loan application, they look at what percentage of your income is available for repaying their loan. With an income of $5,000 per month, a $2,000 loan payment is 40% of your income and a $1,000 payment is 20% of your income. The closer you get to $1,000 or 20% of your income, the easier it is to qualify for the loan. This easier qualification appeals to younger people who are just starting and those with income limitation.

Adjustable mortgage rates appeal to young people with an innate optimism, hopes of increased income and the high possibility of moving to a different home in a short period of time. They need to look at what they can afford to pay and cannot worry too much about the distant future. To them anything is better than renting which is absolute waste of money.

There are also those older individuals who have suffered from some set back in life and do not enjoy a high credit score or do not have a very high income. Since a poor credit score increases the interest rate a bank offers to potential borrowers, a fixed rate may be too high for these individuals to consider.

Lets take a look at some terms that help you understand ARM better.

Margin – This is the lender’s markup and where they make their profits. The margin is added to the index rate to determine your total interest rate.

ARM Indexes – These are benchmarks that lenders use to determine how much the mortgage should be adjusted. The more stable the index is the more stable your adjustable loan remains. Consider both the index and the margin when you are shopping around.

Adjustment Period – Refers to the holding period in which your interest rate will not change. You will come across ARM figures like 5-1 that means your mortgage interest remains the same for five years and then it will adjust every year.

Interest Rate Caps – This is the maximum interest a lender can charge you.

Periodic caps – The lenders may limit how much they can increase your loan within an adjustment period. Not all ARMs have periodic rate caps.

Overall caps- Mortgage lenders may also limit how much the interest rate can increase over the life of the loan. Overall caps have been required by law since 1987. Payment Caps – The maximum amount your monthly payment can increase at each adjustment.

Negative Amortization – In most cases a portion of your payment goes toward paying down the principal and reducing your total debt. But when the payment is not enough to even cover the interest due, the unpaid amount is added back to the loan and your total mortgage loan obligation is increased. In short, if this continues you may owe more than you started with.

Negative amortization is the possible downside of the payment cap that keeps monthly payments from covering the cost of interest.

As you compare lenders, loans and rates remember Henry Moore who said, “What’s important is finding out what works for you.”